acide...-oïque
acide...-peroxy(R)
...-oate de M
...-oate de R
...-(carb)olactone ou -olide
halogénure de...-carbonyle
...-dicarboximide
...-carbaldehyde
carbonyldioxy-
carbonate de di(R)
Voici les groupes caractéristiques utilisés en nomenclature substitutive, par ordre de préséance.
| Classe | Formule | Préfixe | Suffixe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radicaux | ------- | -yle | |
| Anions | uryl- | -ure | |
| Cations | -onio ou -onia | -ium ou -onium (-ylium) | |
| Acides carboxyliques | | carboxy- | acide...-carboxylique acide...-oïque |
| Acides peroxycarboxyliques | | hydroperoxycarbonyl- | acide...-peroxycarboxylique acide...-peroxy(R) |
| Acides sulfo(i)niques | | sulfo- ou sulfino- | acide...-sulfo(i)nique |
| Acides phospho(i)niques | | phospho- ou phosphino- ?? | acide...-phospho(i)nique |
| Sels d'acides | | carboxylato- (sulfonato-) | ...-carboxylate de M (idem S, P) ...-oate de M |
| Anhydrides | | ------- | anhydride...-(carboxyl)ique |
| Esters (lactones) | | (R)-oxycarbonyl- | ...-carboxylate de R (idem S) ...-oate de R ...-(carb)olactone ou -olide |
| Halogénures d'acides | | halogénocarbonyl- ou haloformyl- | halogénure de...-oyle (idem S) halogénure de...-carbonyle |
| Urées | | (R1--R4)-ureido- | (1,3-R1--R4)urée |
| Amides** | | (R)(R1)-carbamoyl | [N,N-(R)(R1)]...-(carbox)amide |
| Sulfonamides | | (R)(R1)-sulfamoyl | [N,N-(R)(R1)]...-sulfonamide |
| Hydrazides | | (R)(R1)(R2)-hydrazino- | [N,N',N'-(R)(R1)(R2)]...-(carbo)hydrazide |
| Imides | | ----- | ...-imide ...-dicarboximide |
| Amidines*** | | (R)(R1)(R2)-amidino | [N1,N1,N2-(R)(R1)(R2)]...-(carbox)amidine |
| Nitriles* | | cyano- | ...-(carb)onitrile |
| Aldéhydes | | formyl- | ...-al ...-carbaldehyde |
| Cétones | | oxo- (thioxo-) | ...-one (-thione) |
| Alcools - phénols | | hydroxy- | ...-ol |
| Thiols | | mercapto- | ...-thiol |
| Alcoolates (thiolates) | | oxido- (sulfuro-) | ...-olate (thiolate) |
| Esters d'acides inorganiques* | | (R)-oxycarbonyloxy- carbonyldioxy- | carbonate de (R) et de (R1) (sulfate, ...) carbonate de di(R) |
| Hydroperoxydes | | hydroperoxy- | (R)-hydroperoxyde |
| Hydoxylamine | | (R)-hydroxyamino- | [N-(R)]-hydroxylamine |
| Amines | | (R)(R1)-amino- | (R)(R1)(R2)-amine [N-(R1),N-(R2)](R)-amine (amines complexes) |
| Guanidines | | (R1--5)-guanidino | [1,2,3-(R1--5)]guanidine |
| Imines | | (R)-imino- | [N(R1)]...-imine |
| Hydrazines | | (R)(R1)(R2)-hydrazino- | [1,2-(R1--4)]hydrazine |
| Ethers - oxydes | | (R)-oxy- | ----- |
| Sulfures | | (R)-thio-* | ----- |
| Sulfoxydes | | (R)-sulfinyl- | ----- |
| Sulfones | | (R)-sulfonyl- | ----- |
| Peroxides | | (R)-peroxy ou (R)-dioxy | (R)-peroxyde |
| Disulfures | | (R)-dithio- | ----- |
| Azides | | -azido | ----- |